A case report of congenital dysplasia caused by the ANK3 gene mutation in the newborn / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The clinical features, examination findings and gene results of the newborn diagnosed with congenital dysplasia by the ANK3 gene heterozygous mutation in the First Hospital of Jilin University were retrospectively analyzed.A female newborn at 10 minutes presented for postnatal asphyxia and 10 minutes after resuscitation.She had a special appearance, with little spontaneous breathing, no swallowing, extremely low muscular tension, and no primal reflexes.Amplitude integrated electroencephalogram(aEEG) suggested the burst suppression (BS) background activity, BS (+ ), lower boundary at 2 μV, upper boundary at 50 μV, no sleep awakening cycle, no convulsive seizure, and mechanical brush seen in the original electroencephalogram burst.Severe abnormal aEEG was detected.Gene results suggested 2 heterozygous mutations in the ANK3 gene [c.4183(exon33) C >G and c. 8239(exon37) C >T], which have not been previously reported.This case report for the first time reported the clinical phenotype of the ANK3 gene mutation in the newborn with congenital dysplasia.

Effect of Yiqi Yangyin Prescription on Lipid Metabolism in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Yiqi Yangyin prescription on lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes rat model induced by high fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin （STZ）， and explore its mechanism in regulation of lipid metabolism. Method:The rats were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks， and intraperitoneal injection of STZ was provided to establish diabetes model. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group， Yiqi Yangyin prescription high dose group， medium dose group and low dose group （9.00， 4.50， 2.25 g·kg^-1） and metformin group （0.20 g·kg^-1）. Another blank control group was set up. The high， medium and low dose groups were given with different oral doses of Yiqi Yangyin prescription granules， metformin was given in metformin group， the model group and the blank group received the same volume of normal saline. Intragastric administration was given for three weeks， and then the weight and blood glucose were measured. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and content of total protein （TP）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues in each group. Periodic acid-schiff stain （PAS） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver glycogen. The lipid changes of liver tissues were observed by oil red O staining. The expression of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase （AMPK）/ sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c （SREBP1c）/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase （ACC1）/peroxisome proliferator activated re-ceptor <italic>α</italic> （PPAR<italic>α</italic>） pathway in liver tissues was observed by Western blot. Result:Compared with the blank group， TG， CHO， LDL-C， AST， ALT and ALP significantly increased and HDL-C significantly decreased in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， TG and LDL-C contents significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）and LDL-C contents significantly increased in Yiqi Yangyin prescription groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Histomorphology showed that Yiqi Yangyin prescription significantly reduced the degree of hepatocyte intercellular vacuoles and steatosis in liver， and significantly reduced the lipid area of liver tissue. Compared with the blank group， the protein expression levels of p-AMPK<italic>α</italic>， PPAR<italic>α</italic>， SREBP-1 （plasma） in the liver tissues significantly decreased in the model group， but such expression levels increased after treatment with Yiqi Yangyin prescription （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， compared with the blank group， the protein expression levels of p-ACC1 and SREBP-1 （nuclear） significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in model group， but such expression significantly decreased after treatment with Yiqi Yangyin prescription （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Yiqi Yangyin prescription can significantly reduce blood lipid in the diabetic rats caused by high-fat feed combined with STZ. The decrease of blood lipid in the type 2 diabetes rats may be related to the influence on AMPK/ACC1/SREBP-1/PPAR pathway in rat liver.

Drug clinical trial of COVID-19 in China: A brief analysis / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To provide suggestion for research and development of drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by analyzing the characteristics of the drug clinical trial registration information of COVID-19 in China. METHODS: The clinical trials of COVID-19 were searched from Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and the type, purpose, and design of the studies were analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 271 drug clinical trials have been registered till July 1st, 2020. Most of the drugs are marketed ones, including chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicines, and biologics. Combined applications were adopted in some projects. Randomized or non-randomized parallel control trials were conducted in most projects. Others included single arm, sequential, and factorial design. CONCLUSION: To deal with the epidemic, it is important to conduct emergent drug clinical trials to find out effective drugs as soon as possible. However, some weaknesses and deficiencies on trials design, conduct and supervision were exposed in the drug clinical trials against COVID-19. It is suggested to enhance the scientific evaluation of candidate drugs, standardize the investigator initiated trials, and establish the national multi-subject research and development platform, and the collaborative and innovative key-task tackling mechanism, thus to improve the ability and level of antiviral drug research and development.

A clinical study of endoscopic balloon dilation in treatment of esophageal stenosis after neonatal esophageal atresia surgery / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation in treatment of esophageal stenosis caused by operation of congenital esophageal atresia. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 218 children with type Ⅲ esophageal atresia, who underwent surgery in Zhengzhou Children' s Hospital from January 2009 to December 2017. The occurrence of postoperative complications and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation in treatment of esophageal stenosis was analyzed. Results Among the 218 patients with congenital esophageal atresia, 92 were type Ⅲa and 126 were type Ⅲb. Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 46 cases (21. 1％), including 29 (31. 5％) of type Ⅲa and 17 (13. 5％) of type Ⅲb. Postoperative anastomotic stenosis occurred in 53 cases (24. 3％), including 29 ( 31. 5％) of type Ⅲa and 24 ( 19. 0％) of typeⅢb. The incidence of anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis in different types was significantly different (χ2=10. 383, P=0. 001; χ2=4. 497, P=0. 034). The 53 cases of anastomotic stenosis underwent 123 times of endoscopic balloon dilation, with mean time of 3. 5±1. 6, and were finally clinically recovery. No esophagus perforation occurred. Among them, 29 cases of type Ⅲa underwent 73 times with mean of 4. 0±1. 8, and 24 cases of type Ⅲb underwent 50 times with mean of 2. 5±0. 7. The difference between the two types was statistically significant (t=-4. 053, P=0. 027). Conclusion Children with type Ⅲa esophageal atresia has a higher incidence of anastomotic stenosis and leakage, and more times of esophageal dilation. Endoscopic balloon dilation is safe and effective in treatment of esophageal stenosis after surgery for patients with congenital esophageal atresia.

Role of international academic communication of pharmacology in scientific and technological innovation / 中国药理学通报

This article is to investigate the role of international academic communication of pharmacology in scientific and technological innovation. The object, the organization mode and the characteristics of international conferences of pharmacology, as well as their effects on pharmacology, were researched and analyzed. As shown in the text, international academic communication plays a key role in promoting scientific and technological development, such as pharmacological theory and technological creativity, new drug research and development, talents cultivation , etc. On the basis of the analysis, this paper suggests how to promote scientific and technological innovation, talents cultivation, and international discourse power through international academic exchange.

Strategies of preserving urinary continence in transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate for benign prostate hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the strategies of preserving urinary continence in transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).@*METHODS@#We treated 65 BPH patients by PKEP with preservation of urinary continence (UC-PKEP), which involved protection of the external urethral sphincter in the beginning of surgery, proper preservation of the anterior lobe of the prostate to protect the internal urethral sphincter in the middle, and preservation of the integrity of the bladder neck towards the end. We compared the postoperative status of urinary continence of the patients with that of the 54 BPH cases treated by complete plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (Com-PKEP).@*RESULTS@#All the operations were performed successfully with the urinary catheters removed at 5 days after surgery. In comparison with Com-PKEP, UC-PKEP achieved evidently lower incidence rates of urinary incontinence at 24 hours (31.49% vs 13.85%, P 0.05), and 3 months (3.70% vs 0%, P >0.05) after catheter removal. Compared with the baseline, the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was significantly improved postoperatively in both the Com-PKEP (［7.43 ± 3.26］ vs ［20.58 ± 3.22］ ml, P <0.05) and the UC-PKEP group (［8.04 ± 2.28］ vs ［20.66 ± 3.08］ ml, P <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Transurethral PKEP is a safe and effective method for the management of BPH, during which the strategies of avoiding blunt or sharp damage to the external urethral sphincter in the beginning, properly preserving the anterior lobe of the prostate in the middle and preserving the integrity of the bladder neck towards the end may help to achieve rapid recovery of urinary continence.

A clinical study of traditional Chinese medicine of fumigation and washing combined with thymalfasin and isotretinoin treatment for verruca plantaris / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the homemade traditional Chinese medicine bathing prescription combined with Thymalfasin and Isotretinoin treatment for Verruca Plantaris.Methods A total of 120 patients with Verruca Plantaris were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method (each group 40). The drug therapy group was given Thymalfasin and Isotretinoin to treatment; and the Chinese medicine washing group was given traditional Chinese medicine wash-out on the basis of drug therapy; and the physical therapy group was given liquid nitrogen freezing treatment on the basis of drug therapy. All the groups were treated 12 weeks and follow-up 3 months. Four weeks were a course, and a total of 3 courses. After the treatment, the symptom grading scores (number of skin lesions, the size of skin lesions, the degree of pain and the quality of life) was compared, and the clinical effect rate was evaluated and the recurrence rate was observed.Results Twelve weeks after treatment, Chinese medicine washing group total effective rate was 97.5% (39/40), drug treatment group 87.5% (35/40), and physical treatment group 90.0% (36/40). The Chinese medicine washing group total effective rate was superior to the drug therapy and physicaltherapy groups (Z values were -3.463,-3.122,P values were 0.001, 0.002). after treatment, the number of lesions scores (2.0 ± 1.1 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5, 2.7 ± 1.6,F=3.787), the size of the lesion scores (2.3 ± 1.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.3, 3.1 ± 1.3, F=4.657), pain degree and the quality of life scores (0.4 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 1.2, 1.0 ± 1.0,F=5.353) in the Chinese medicine washing group were significantly higher than those in the drug therapy and physical therapy groups (P<0.01). After follow-up period, the recurrence rate of Chinese medicine washing group was 10.3% (4/39), the drug treatment group 25.7% (9/35), the physical therapy group 41.7% (15/36). The difference among 3 groups was statistically significant (Z=-3.188,P<0.01).Conclusions The traditional Chinese medicine combined with Thymalfasin and Isotretinoin could reduce the number of skin lesions, narrow the range of skin lesions and reduce the degree of pain, and improve the quality of life.

Correlation between Plasma-soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor(suPAR) Levels and Disease Severity in Psoriasis Patients / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma-soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels and disease severity in psoriasis patients.Method 60 psoriasis patients and 60 healthy controls were enrolled from Jan.2013 to Dec.2015 in the hospital.The plasma suPAR of all objects were measured by ELISA.Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compared plasma suPAR in the difference groups.Correlation between clinical data and plasma suPAR were analyzed by Spearmans's rho method.Result The plasma suPAR of psoriasis patients (3.92± 1.74 ng/ml) were higher than controls (3.03 ± 1.08 ng/ml,Z=13.05,P=0.009).The plasma suPAR of mild patients (PASI＜ 10) were lower than moderate patients (10≤ PASI≤ 20,3.90 ± 1.67 ng/ml,Z =8.00,P =0.035) and severity patients (PASI＞20,4.55 ± 1.88 ng/ml,Z=48.5,P=0.031).Positive correlation were found between plasma suPAR and psoriasis area and severity dndex (PASI) score (r=0.264,P=0.041).The plasma suPAR of the patients with disease duration＞10years (n=35,4.43 ± 1.98 ng/ml) were higher than the patients with disease duration＜10 years (n=25,3.41 ± 0.69 ng/ ml,Z=-2.064,P=0.035).Conclusion There was a positive correlation between the plasma suPAR and psoriasis disease severity.The Plasma suPAR can be the biomarker of psoriasis disease severity.It facilitate the clinical diagnosis of psoriasis.

Identification of a Rare Ael05/B101 Subtype and Selection of Blood Transfusion Strategy / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of ABO discrepancy in a patient by ABO genotyping and the reasonable blood transfusion strategy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine serological test was carried out to analyze ABO blood group. The presence of the blood group determinants on the red blood cells were determined by adsorption-elution test. Exons 1-7 and adjacent introns of the ABO gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient showed ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancy. ABO forward typing defined as B, however, the reverse typing indicated that the patient was AB subtype. Absorption-elution test confirmed weak A antigens on the patient's red blood cells. The ABO gene sequencing showed a T>C exchange at position in exon 7 which resulted in a isoleucine to threonine substitution at codon 256. The ABO blood group genotype was ABO*Ael05/B101.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 767 T>C substitution in the gene of α-1,3-N-acetyl galactose is the molecular mechanism leading to the decrease expression of A antigen of the Ael05 subtype.</p>

Effect of posterior condylar offset on early results after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To explore the effect of the posterior condylar offset (PCO) on clinical results after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a high-flex posterior-stabilized (PS) fixed-bearing prosthesis.Methods Clinical and radiographic materials of 107 consecutive female patients (107 knees),who had undergone primary TKAs for end-stage osteoarthritis was prospectively analyzed.All operations were performed by using the same operative technique.Based on the corrected PCO change,all cases were divided into two groups:66 knees in which the corrected PCO change ≥0 mm (aged 48-73 years,with an average of 61.4 years) and 41 knees in which the corrected PCO change ＜ 0 mm (aged 52-75 years,with an average of 62.2 years).One-year postoperatively,clinical and radiographic variables from the two groups were compared by independent t-test.The associations between the corrected PCO changes and the improvements of clinical variables in all patients were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results The corrected PCO change was 2.49±1.71 mm in the PCO change ≥0 mm group and-1.28±1.41 mm in the PCO change ＜ 0 mm group.One-year postoperatively,the Knee Society scores,the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,non-weight-bearing active and passive range of knee flexion,flexion contracture,and their improvements had no statistical differences between the two groups.The corrected PCO change was not significantly correlated with the improvement of any clinical variable.While the PCO change ≥0 mm group (130.40°± 11.63°) demonstrated greater flexion than the PCO change ＜ 0 mm group (123.80°±13.12°) during active weight-bearing one year after TKA,which was significantly different between the two groups (t=2.11,P=0.0401).Conclusion Restoration of PCO plays an important role in the optimization of active knee flexion during weight-bearing conditions after posterior-stabilized TKA,while it had no benefit to non-weight-bearing knee flexion and any other clinical result.

Effect of baicalein on brain injury induced by 6-hydroxydopamine at different sites in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the therapeutical effect and mechanism of baicalein on two 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA ) induced Parkinson′s disease (PD ) rat models,which received unilateral lesions of the left medial forebrain bundle (MFB ) or caudate putamen (CPu ) made by stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA (MFB-M,CPu-M).Methods PD rat models were established by microinjection of 6-OHDA into MFB or CPu.The anti-tremor effect of baicalein on PD rat models was examined.Spontaneous activity was recor-ded. Dopamine (DA ), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)and homovanilic acid (HVA)in striatum were quantified by HPLC-ECD.The tyrosine hydroxy-lase (TH)and OX-42 positive cells were detected by immunohistochemical method.The morphological vari-ation of the neurons was confirmed by analysis at an ul-trastructural level.Results Baicalein significantly in-creased the spontaneous activity in CPu-M.The elec-tromyography (EMG ) recordings revealed that com-pared with 6-OHDA group,the tremor frequency in ba-icalein group was decreased by 55% in MFB-M,and by 60% in CPu-M.6-OHDA treatment decreased DA levels in the striatum,while treatment with baicalein attenuated the DA decreases in CPu-M.Moreover,ba-icalein treatment could increase TH-positive neurons and decrease OX-42-postive microglia compared with 6-OHDA group in both MFB-M and CPu-M.Conclu-sions In the present study,it is illustrated that ①microinjection of 6-OHDA into the MFB and the CPu could cause different pathological changes of PD, which is important for efficacy evaluation;②baicalein showed the ability to alleviate the behavior symptoms in PD-rats at different stages by improving motor function and attenuating muscle tremor;③therapeutic effect of baicalein was produced by inhibiting the inflammatory medium production and release,anti-apoptosis,chan-ging dopamine catabolism, and inhibiting dopamine turnover.

Case-control study on bone-setting manipulation for the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension combined with cervical spondylosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical effect and safety of bone-setting manipulation in treating isolated systolic hypertension combined with cervical spondylosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2012 to January 2015, 320 patients suffered from isolated systolic hypertension combined with cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. In treatment group, there were 160 patients including 84 males and 76 females with an average age of (39.82 ± 10.33) years old, average blood pressure was (149.61 ± 10.75)/(81.01± 8.25) mmHg, NPQ score was 24.61 ± 8.14; treated with flexion top spin and lock bone-setting manipulation of cervical spine, once every two days for 20 days. While in control group, there were 160 patients including 90 males and 70 females with an average age of(41.37 ± 9.42) years old, average blood pressure was (151.48 ± 11.32)/ (79.65 ± 9.32) mmHg, NPQ score was 25.78 ± 9.53; treated with manipulation of reposition cervical spine by rotation, once every two days for 20 days. Blood pressure and NPQ score were tested and compared for evaluating clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before and after a period treatment, systolic pressure in treatment group was (149.61 ± 10.75) mmHg and (129.67 ± 12.26) mmHg; (151.48 ± 11.32) mmHg and (132.02 ± 11.73) mmHg in control group. After treatment, systolic pressure in both two groups was obviously decreased, and treatment group was better than control group. Before and after a period treatment, diastolic pressure in treatment group was (80.01 ± 8.25) mmHg and (78.15 ± 10.34) mmHg, (79.65 ± 9.32) mmHg and (76.89 ± 9.79) mmHg in control group, and there was no significant difference between two groups. NPQ score in treatment group was 24.61 ± 8.14 before treatment, 12.46 ± 7.94 after treatment, while in control group was 25.78 ± 9.53, 14.17 ± 8.86; NPQ score of the two groups after treatment was better than before treatment, while there was no obviously significance between two groups after treatment. The whole clinical effect in treatment group was better than control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bone-setting manipulation for isolated systolic hypertension combined with cervical spondylosis at early stage could receive good clinical result, and flexion top spin and lock bone-setting manipulation of cervical spine was better and safety than manipulation of reposition cervical spine by rotation.</p>

Development of therapeutic biologics from 1984 to 2014 / 中国药理学通报

This article is to analyse the development of therapeu-tic biologics from 1984 to 2014. Data were obtained from the Drugs @ FDA, PubMed, Embase. com and ClinicalTrail. Gov. Descriptive analyses were used to classify therapeutic biologics by level of innovation,therapeutic category and the chemical na-ture of the drugs. The results showed that from 1996 the thera-peutic biologics entered the fast development period, especially from 2001 to 2005. The 125 therapeutic biologics focus on the treatment of tumor, immune system disease, endocrine and met-abolic diseases, blood system diseases, skeletal muscle system diseases. Antibody has become the dominant of therapeutic bio-logics. Antibody is widely used in the treatment of cancer, di-gestive diseases, immune diseases, respiratory diseases, urinary diseases, skeletal muscle diseases, etc.

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care / 医药导报

As an essential part of modern medical service,pharmaceutical care gains more and more attention in the field of medication. The goal of pharmaceutical care is to effectively control rational administration of drugs, improve the therapeutic efficacy and avoid adverse drug reactions.Pharmacology,as the key basis of pharmacy,directly determines the level of pharmaceutical care.Therefore,development of pharmacology,especially for the clinical pharmacology,plays an important role in enforcing capability of clinical pharmacists.In this article,we summarized the functions of medical care in medical practice based on the Chinese medication.Authors described the relationship of pharmacology and medical care in the medication for cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic diseases. Authors proposed that the rational drug administration under the guidance of pharmacology is the core point to evaluate the quality of clinic pharmaceutical care,and the final goal of which is to increase the benefit of medication and guide the training of pharmacists in China.

Therapeutic Effect of the Mixture of Luteolin and Rutin in MPTP Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson′s Disease / 医药导报

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of the complex mixture of luteolin and rutin ( MLR) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin ( MPTP) induced Parkinson’ s disease ( PD) mouse model. Methods Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups randomly ( n=12 in each group): the normal control , model control , madopar (50 mg·kg-1) group, MLR at low (140 mg·kg-1), middle (280 mg·kg-1) and high (560 mg·kg-1) dose groups. PD mouse models were established by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP ( 30 mg · kg-1 ) . Pole test and traction performance were recorded to access the body coordinate capability and strength. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transport protein ( DAT) , and glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) positive cells were detected by immunohistochemical method. Dopamine ( DA ) , dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) , homovanilic acid ( HVA ) , 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in striatum were quantified by HPLC-ECD. Results MLR significantly ameliorated mouse motor coordination ability (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). MLR at 280 and 560 mg·kg-1 could increase TH-positive neurons by 69. 00%and 77. 95% compared with the normal control group (P<0. 01) and DAT-positive neurons by 68. 53% and 70. 40% compared with the normal control group(P<0. 05), and decrease GFAP-postive astrocyte reactivity. The treatment with MLR at three doses attenuated the monoamine neurotransmitter disorder. Conclusion MLR markedly improves MPTP caused movement coordinate ability injury in mice and exerts therapeutic action on PD by regulating neurotransmitters in brain, inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and alleviating the neuron injury.

Effect of posterior condylar offset on clinical results after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To determine the effect of the posterior condylar offset (PCO) on clinical results after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a high-flex posterior-stabilized (PS) fixed-bearing prosthesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We prospectively studied the clinical and radiographic materials of 89 consecutive female patients (89 knees), who had undergone primary TKAs for end-stage osteoarthritis. All operations were performed by a single senior surgeon or under his supervision using the same operative technique. Based on the corrected PCO change, we divided all cases into two groups: group A (corrected PCO change ≥0 mm, 58 knees) and group B (corrected PCO change<0 mm, 31 knees). One-year postoperatively, clinical and radiographic variables from the two groups were compared by independent t-test. The associations between the corrected PCO changes and the improvements of clinical variables in all patients were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One-year postoperatively, the Knee Society Scores, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, non-weight-bearing active and passive range of knee flexion, flexion contracture, extensor lag, and their improvements had no statistical differences between the two groups (all p>0.05). The corrected PCO change was not significantly correlated with the improvement of any clinical variable (all p>0.05). Group A demonstrated greater flexion than group B during active weight bearing (p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Restoration of PCO plays an important role in the optimization of active knee flexion during weight-bearing conditions after posterior-stabilized TKA, while it has no benefit to non-weight-bearing knee flexion or any other clinical result.</p>

Value of qualitative research in polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This article aims to introduce the benefits of qualitative research and to discuss how such research can be applied to the study of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Relevant articles were published in English as of May 2013 from Pubmed. Terms "polycystic ovary syndrome/PCOS, qualitative research and methodology" were used for searching.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Articles studying PCOS with qualitative methods were reviewed. Articles associated with the use of qualitative research in clinical research were cited.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six qualitative studies related to PCOS were found in the literature search. These studies addressed different aspects in PCOS women including their womanhood, lived experience, information need, and experience of treatment with acupuncture. Five of these six studies used phenomenology as guiding theory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Quantitative research has been the dominant approach in the field so far, qualitative research is relevant to the advancement of PCOS.</p>

YB-1 stabilizes HIV-1 genomic RNA and enhances viral production

HIV-1 utilizes cellular factors for efficient replication. The viral RNA is different from cellular mRNAs in many aspects, and is prone to attacks by cellular RNA quality control systems. To establish effective infection, the virus has evolved multiple mechanisms to protect its RNA. Here, we show that expression of the Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) enhanced the production of HIV-1. Downregulation of endogenous YB-1 in producer cells decreased viral production. YB-1 increased viral protein expression by stabilizing HIV-1 RNAs. The stem loop 2 in the HIV-1 RNA packaging signal was mapped to be the YB-1-responsive element. Taken together, these results indicate that YB-1 stabilizes HIV-1 genomic RNA and thereby enhances HIV-1 gene expression and viral production.

Apoptosis of non-tumor cells contributes to increased serum cytochrome c level in a neuroblastoma xenograft model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant solid tumors of childhood. It is still not clear whether the apoptosis of tumor cells or the non-tumor cells contributes to the increase of concentration of cytochrome c (Cyt c) in the serum of the cancer patients. The aim of this research was to identify the source of the Cyt c in the serum when the tumor grows up by subcutaneous inoculation of human NB cells into nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We subcutaneously inoculated human NB cells (KP-N-NS) into nude mice and collected the sera of tumor-bearing mice (n = 14) and control mice (n = 25) 4 weeks later in order to screen for and identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum. Differentially expressed proteins in the serum were screened by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative intensity of a protein having a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 11 609 was 3338.37 ± 3410.85 in the tumor group and 59.84 ± 40.74 in the control group, indicating that the expression level of this protein in the tumor group was 55.8 times higher than that in the control group. Serum proteins were separated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to produce peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs). Spectrum analysis and a database search revealed that the highly expressed protein (m/z = 11 605.4) from the serum of tumor-bearing mice was the mouse Cyt c.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Increased concentration of Cyt c in the serum of tumor-bearing nude mice might be partially attributed to the secretion of this protein by non-tumor cells.</p>

Long-term efficacy observation of donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil in treating patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Totally 86 patients with AD were randomly divided into control group(n =43)and treatment group(n =43).The control grou,p received conventional therapy with aniracetam,nimoldipine and ginkgo tablet,while the study group was administrated with donepezil(10 mg/d)on the basis of conventional therapy.The improvements of recognitive ability,mental state,activities of daily life were graded by mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cog(ADAS-cog),activity of daily living(ADL)and global deterioration scale(GDS).The scores were compared between the groups before the treatment and 3,6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48,54,60,66 and 72 months after the treatment,respectively.Results The scores of MMSE,ADAS-cog and GDS after 3 months and ADL score after 6 months (t=2.361,-2.198,-1.790,-2.420,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)were improved in treatment group than in control group with the best effects at 12 months(all P＜0.01)and the scores continued to decrease after 36 months.At 72 months,the score improvements in treatment group were 7.5 for MMSE,20.3 for ADAS-cog,19.5 for ADL,and 1.4 for GDS as compared with control group(all P ＜0.01).In contrast to pretreatment,there were statistically significant differences in the scores of MMSE,ADAS-cog and GDS at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months,and in the score of ADL at 6,12,18,24 and 30 months after treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The differences in the scores of ADAS-cog and GDS after 24 months as well as MMSE and ADL after 30 months were not found(P＞0.05)between pre-treatment and post-treatment.Conclusions Donepezil might be long term effective and safe in slowing down the recognitive and overall function deterioration of AD.